|
|
Taltos in Hungarian Culturae Tradition
Horychová, Simona ; Pargač, Jan (advisor) ; Šalanda, Bohuslav (referee)
The aim is to introduce a character of Táltoše in all its complexity. Táltos occurs mainly in Hungarian folklore. It is assumed that in rural environment are kept magic-religious beliefs of Proto-hungarians. Based on comparison of world beliefs Ugro-Finnish and Ural-Altaic ethnic groups of Siberia with the Hungarian folk tradition scientists try to prove that the original function of Táltos was the same as shaman held in Siberian ethnic groups. In the European environment, there are characters with the same attributes which dispose Táltos as well. For this reason, some scientists inclined to an European-Slavic origin. However, at the present Táltos is considered in Hungarian society as a shaman and therefore the scientists try to build on its old religious tradition. Keywords Taltos, shaman, shamanism, Hungarians, ethnogenesis, culture
|
|
|
Ayahuasca neo-shamanic habitus in Czech Republic or what one has to do for becoming an ayahuasca neo-shaman
Herrmann, Natanael ; Kuřík, Bohuslav (advisor) ; Horák, Miroslav (referee)
This diploma thesis deals with what one must do in order to become an ayahuasca neo-shaman, or what specific ayahuasca neo-shaman habitus one must acquire in order to be considered a neo-shaman and to be able to perform ayahuasca rituals. For this the author used methods of carnal ethnography and autoetnography. Ayahuasca rituals are embedded in a broader anthropological theory of rites of passage and are examined in the framework of carnal ethnography by the method of observed participation, while semi-structured interviews with neo-shamans are used also. As part of the autoetnography, the author experienced a neo-shaman habitus on himself, which allowed him to easily look into the otherwise non-transferable structure of the neo-shaman habitus. This research has shown that there are three key parts for the ayahuasca neo-shaman habitus, ie the "ecstatic", "didactic" and "material", but their forms are different for each neo-shaman, due to their specific life trajectories. The resulting ritual is then the product of the specific bricolage of each neo-shaman and mixes elements and techniques of different traditions and cultures. Keywords shaman, shamanism, neo-shaman, neo-shamanism, ayahuasca, habitus, carnal ethnography, autoetnography, ritual, rites of passage
|
|
|
The Ontology of the Void
Smetana, Pavel ; Hogenová, Anna (advisor) ; Rybák, David (referee) ; Semrádová, Ilona (referee)
Tato práce je vícevrstevným zamyšlením nad tématem prázdnoty. Její prvotní inspirací jsou Bondyho úvahy na toto téma. Nejde o to, ukazovat na neukazatelné, či popisovat nepopsatelné, to by byla spíše filosofická statistika; prázdnota je tu primárně chápána spíše na způsob krajního horizontu, jehož bytostné připuštění zakládá možnost pravého setkání podobném smyslu uvažuje nad souvislostí prázdnoty a milosti a otevírá možnost chápat prázdnotu nikoliv jako axiologickou neurčenost, ale právě jako horizont zvláštního setkání se světem. Takto nahlížená prázdnota otevírá bytostnou plnost a zároveň braných souvislostí těchto myšlenek o mezích ontologie - Plótínovou koncepcí emanační ontologie, či se substanční ontologií ze Spinozovy Protože se v průběhu tohoto rozboru dostává do popředí problém statického a předsudečného chápání ontologické substance (která takové vlastnosti nemůže mít, vyjdeme jako krajního ontologického horizontu), otevírá se otázka původu tohoto problému; v Myšlení vnějšku) a Berďajevem následuje hodnocení možnosti ontologii, což je přeneseně otevření otázky vztahu moci a ontologie či prolínání mocenského hlediska do ontologické úvahy (prázdnota by v yslu představovala zřeknutí se moci). Druhá kapitola práce se návazně zabývá formami zřeknutí se tohoto mocenského hlediska, coby praktikovaného...
|
|
|
Witch cults and alternative treatment methods in equatorial Africa
Poprocká, Lucie ; Nová, Monika (advisor) ; Cimrmannová, Tereza (referee)
Thesis topic "Witch cults and alternative treatment methods in equatorial Africa" deals with the problems of shamanism and treatment methods in Africa, mainly in the equatorial area. Introduces witchcraft and compares it to shamanism, healing and other methods of the African aboriginal tribes and specific healing methods which are practised by shamans, medicine men and healers. At the same time it compares these methods to the quality of the medical services which are available in the given area. Practical part shows research solutions analysing the relations of the citizens from an Ugandan village Nyakyera and surrounding areas to healthcare and their attitude towards the shaman healers.
|
|
|
Taltos in Hungarian Culturae Tradition
Horychová, Simona ; Pargač, Jan (advisor) ; Šalanda, Bohuslav (referee)
The aim is to introduce a character of Táltoše in all its complexity. Táltos occurs mainly in Hungarian folklore. It is assumed that in rural environment are kept magic-religious beliefs of Proto-hungarians. Based on comparison of world beliefs Ugro-Finnish and Ural-Altaic ethnic groups of Siberia with the Hungarian folk tradition scientists try to prove that the original function of Táltos was the same as shaman held in Siberian ethnic groups. In the European environment, there are characters with the same attributes which dispose Táltos as well. For this reason, some scientists inclined to an European-Slavic origin. However, at the present Táltos is considered in Hungarian society as a shaman and therefore the scientists try to build on its old religious tradition. Keywords Taltos, shaman, shamanism, Hungarians, ethnogenesis, culture
|
|
|
Contemporary Forms of Buryatian Shamanism
Havlíček, Marek Aurel ; Kašpar, Oldřich (advisor) ; Bělka, Luboš (referee) ; Fukas, Andrej (referee)
RESUMÉ V ANGLICKÉM JAZYCE Since the 1980s, a revival of religious traditions, whose continuity was disrupted considerably in the Soviet-era Russia, has been in motion in the entire area of Siberia and Central Asia, among the so called 'rooted nations'. While major religious groups, such as buddhism and islam, could successfully pick up the threads of their religious traditions thanks to their written resources; religions based mainly on oral transmission are facing the opposite situation, shamanism not being an exception. Intense tension coming from the spirituality of their own ethnic traditions, which spontaneously opened after many years of the Communist secularization, in the case of shamanism hit the barriers of how to adequately re- establish the disrupted traditions (lack of living bearers and experts on their own traditions, initiated and uninitiated shamans, and other ceremony specialists, ignorance of symbolism). The whole process of rebirth, revival or revitalisation of shamanism is entirely consistent with the context of current issues concerning constituent societies, which naturally carries the legacy of Soviet culture. Political and economic changes in the post- Soviet space also enabled the bearers of traditions to become open to a wide range of new influences from abroad. Revitalization...
|
|
| |
|
|
Spells as a part of Finnish folklore
Hošková, Magdalena ; Dlask, Jan (advisor) ; Velkoborsky, Jan Petr (referee)
Author's name: Magdalena Hošková School: Charles University in Prague, Faculty of Arts Department: Institute of Linguistics and Finno-Ugric Studies Title: Spells as a Part of Finnish Folklore Supervisor: Mgr. Jan Dlask, Ph.D. Number of pages: 77 Key words: spell, Finnish spells, Finnish folklore, Kalevala, Finnish mythology, tietäjä, shaman, prayer, healing magic, homoeopathic magic, John Abercromby, James Frazer, neoshamanism, neopaganism This thesis deals with spells as a part of Finnish folklore. It depicts the circumstances of the spells' genesis, as well as their structural features and different purposes of their use. It is considered that most spells were created during the era of late paganism and early Christianity. This is true not only of Finland but also of Europe in general. The thesis also analyses the role of the shaman as the spiritual leader of Finnish people living in the era before the spells' creation and thereafter analyses the role of the shaman's successor: the tietäjä, the charmer who created spells and used them to help people in his community. So the tietäjä used his spells for the same purpose as his predecessor, the shaman, used trance states, which he entered via drumming, chanting and dancing. In the trance state, he talked to animal spirits and ancestors' spirits and...
|
|
|
Aspect of initiation in Shamanism: Crosscultural comparison
KOČÍ, Jan
This thesis deals with the shamanism and with the initiations of the shamans. In the first part the author describes these initiations at large and evokes the phenomenon of shamanism in general. The following part pursues the descriptions of the initiations in different places in the world. The selected cultures in this thesis present the traditional communities where the shamanism has a fixed position in their social structure. The author approaches the processes of initiation of shaman in the five ethnic groups of the three continents. He starts with the description of the three Siberian ethnic groups, than he continues with the North American one and he finishes with the South American one. The author emphasizes the way of the election of shaman, how and when these elections are created, and the process of the initiation ? he focuses on the visions and the rituals. In the final part of the thesis the author compares the initiations of particular cultures. These comparisons are based on the social relations between the shaman and the community.
|
|
|
Shamanism, Ancient Form of Human Religion and its Intercultural Features
PLETKOVÁ, Petra
I characterize the shaman{\crq}s figure and influence on the society in my work. Further I deal with shamanism, its development and mutual comparison of sha-manism in individual cultures. I characterize individual types of shamanic cultures and their geographical placement. Further I describe the way of performance of shamanic techniques and their goals. I also pay attention to a possible power role of the shaman. I also describe the basic shamanic cosmology. I go on comparing individual cultures and seeking differences. Then I perform general evaluation of all cultures and subsequently I consider the task and influence of shamanism in contemporary society.
|
guest ::
